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To introduce the programme and the courses and the facilities available at Cranfield.

• Team working
• Project management
• Various interpersonal skills: report writing and presentation skills 
• Various MS Office training packages
• Library sessions with the Information Team covering qualitative information, referencing, ethics and plagiarism.
• Careers sessions including CV writing, preparation for interviews and assessment centres, interview techniques

On successful completion of this module you will be able to:

1. Have an appreciation of the Automotive Engineering Masters programme and course philosophy, structure, content, teaching methods, staff and administration.
2. Be familiar with key facilities (internal and external to Cranfield) and resources such as the library, computer network and Careers Service.
3. Have experienced team building and other interpersonal skills including written and verbal communication skills.
4. Appreciate the importance of time/project management and health and safety throughout the study.
5. Appreciation of the fundamentals of Engineering Ethics

• Provide deep understanding of vehicle propulsion options and driveline.
• Establish approaches and procedures to analysing and predicting vehicle performance.
• Provide a framework for the appreciation of the interdependency of vehicle systems.
• Critically evaluate the integration of different alternative powertrain options and be able to select appropriate solutions within legislation framework.
• Evaluate vehicle emissions and control systems to identify appropriate solutions.

Basic vehicle characteristics: Vehicle concepts, centre of gravity position, static and dynamic loads and weight distributions, front, rear and all wheel drive. Adhesion coefficient and influencing factors. Traction, braking and resistance to motion.

Fuel consumption: Engine characteristics & fuel maps. Determination of fuel consumption. Energy aspects. Legislative Drive Cycles.

Off-Road: Introduction to off road vehicle design characteristics.

Autonomy: Review of the current technologies surrounding Vehicle Autonomous Driving.

Braking performance: Influence of resistances and inertia. Brake force distribution. ECE 13 legislation. Calculation of required braking characteristics. Stopping distance.

Safety: Principles of passenger restraints, elastic/plastic restraints, energy dissipation, rebound energy (whiplash). Vehicle restraint systems and safety features. Hybrid and electric vehicle safety considerations.

Legislation: Introduction to regulations, European directories, USA federal motor vehicle safety standards. Understanding the influence of relevant legislation on vehicle systems design.

Driveline components: Driveline components: Friction clutches, Final drives, Differentials including e-Diff

Manual & automatic transmissions: Description of gearbox layout and gear change mechanisms.

Hybrid and electric vehicles: Basic definitions, HEV and EV architectures, advantages and disadvantages. Electrical and mechanical energy storage technologies including battery management considerations.

Brakes and braking systems: Disc and drum brakes, braking systems – design, dimensioning and evaluation. Materials, manufacturing methods and testing.

Vehicle refinement: Basic details of noise vibration and harshness and attributes for Driveline refinement.

• To equip you with the skills needed to understand, design and assess single-variable feedback control algorithms using classical control techniques for use in automotive systems.
• To introduce you to MATLAB and Simulink, industry-standard CAD tools for control system design.

The module will provide knowledge in advanced control design tools and techniques and advance analytical methods in designing multivariable controllers with applications in the automotive engineering area. The theory of the multivariable controls will be introduced and then their use will be illustrated and developed by example applications. The theory and applications will be interleaved with selected associated topics (listed below) as appropriate through the module.

The material will be addressed theoretically and practically: all lecture-based teaching will be supported by practical exercises using MATLAB and Simulink.

Prior to the start of the module, students will be expected to ensure that they are familiar with the following key concepts:

o Representation of mechanical and electrical systems using differential equations.

o Representation of linear systems and signals in the time domain, including convolution.

o Use of Laplace transform methods for solving ordinary differential equations.

o Transfer functions, poles and transmission zeros, and frequency responses.

The core syllabus is as follows:
• Creating computer models in MATLAB and Simulink
o Introduction to MATLAB programming
o Introduction to modelling and simulation in Simulink
o Linear system analysis in MATLAB
o Finding operating points and linear models using MATLAB and Simulink

• Classical control concepts
o Key feedback concepts: stability, tracking performance, noise/disturbance rejection
o Relationships between closed-loop functions S(s), T(s) and loop-gain L(s)
o Nyquist stability criterion for stable systems, gain/phase margin and Bode diagram

• Classical control design
o Frequency-domain loop-shaping
o PID design and its relationship to frequency-domain loop-shaping
o Introduction to prefilter design and ‘feed-forward’
o Actuator saturation, noise and integrator wind-up

• Estimator (state observer) design
o Introduction to linear state-space representations
o Estimator design using pole-placement methods

On successful completion of this module you should be able to:
1. Evaluate an automotive system (in terms of its performance, robustness, and sensitivity to noise and disturbances) using classical control concepts and methods.
2. Design feedback control algorithms to meet specified performance requirements using frequency-domain ‘loop-shaping’ methods and PID techniques, and to understand trade-offs and limitations on what can be achieved.
3. Create Simulink simulations of multi-domain automotive systems suitable for performance analysis and control system design, and assess control systems with these models.
4. Evaluate operating points and construct linearized state-space and transfer function modules using MATLAB and Simulink.
5. Construct a linear observer (state estimator) using pole-placement methods, and inspect its behaviour using MATLAB and Simulink.

The aim of this module is to empower you with the capability to analysis, synthesis, and evaluate various technologies and integration challenges associated with the electric and hybrid vehicles. The module is structured to provide an in-depth knowledge and expertise for design and development of the main systems, components, architectures of the Hybrid and Electric Vehicles. The module includes case-studies of commercially available Hybrid and Electric vehicles and current research projects.

Course content includes:
• Introduction to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles systems and powertrain architectures.
• Introduction to Electric Motors, Power Electronics and Electric Drives, and Motor Control.
• High voltage electrical architectures and the integration of power electronics systems
• Automotive energy storage systems:
  o Batteries, ultracapacitors, flywheels and hydraulic accumulators
  o System design, integration and energy management
• The integration of electrical machines and their electric drive systems
  o Technology options
  o System design and sizing
• The mechanical integration of the hybrid propulsion system including the use of split-path transmissions
• Energy Management and supervisory control for CO2 reduction, fuel saving, vehicle performance and driveability
• The role of energy recovery systems including regenerative brake strategies and vehicle integration challenges
• Modelling, simulation and analysis of Hybrid & Electric Vehicles and its sub-systems, using model based approach, including Mil, SiL, and HiL
• Recent Electric and Hybrid vehicle technologies case studies

On successful completion of this module you should be able to:
1. Evaluate the different Hybrid & Electric powertrain architecture options and be able to propose appropriate solutions within realistic performance, fuel economy, emission and commercial constraints.
2. Evaluate energy storage and energy management technology options for a hybrid or electric vehicle and be able to judge between different technologies relative to a given vehicle application and overall system design.
3. Demonstrate an ability to design and/or size different Hybrid and Electric Vehicle sub-systems, within the context of vehicle usage, weight, packaging, and range constraints.

• To provide a fundamental understanding of vehicle dynamics as applied to wheeled vehicles.


• To introduce students to road vehicle ride and handling, from requirements to analytical modelling and practical viewpoints.

• To link understanding of vehicle dynamics, ride and handling to the practical implications for suspension and steering system design.

The module will provide knowledge in vehicle dynamics ride and handling from subjective and objective requirements to analytical methods in developing passive ride and handling models. 

Core topics:

1. Vehicle ride, ride modelling and terrain modelling 
2. Vehicle handling, steady-state and transient handling
3. Tyre characteristics and tyre modelling 
4. Suspension system types, typical designs and practical implications
5. Kinematics, wheel motion control, instantaneous centres of rotation
6. Steering system, steering kinematics and compliance.

On successful completion of this module you will be able to:

1. Demonstrate understanding of vehicle dynamics models, including first principles, associated assumptions and implications to numerical simulations.
2. Critically evaluate vehicle ride and handling performance and the role of tyre and suspension characteristics.
3. Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals and practical issues of vehicle suspension and steering systems and their influence on ride and handling. 
4. Critically evaluate suspension and steering designs, including layout, geometry and materials.

• Equip you with the necessary skills to understand the mechanics of wave action in engines. 
• Equip you with knowledge to be able to evaluate the impact of engine simulation on powertrain systems and global emissions.
 

The module includes a systems view of powertrain simulation including:

• Performance and emissions targets 
• Review of the role of engine simulation 
• Driveline and Performance 
• Ignition and ignition timing 
• Engine breathing 
• Fuel injection systems

1. Identify and critically assess different engines for automotive applications.
2. Critically assess the main factors that result in global emissions from engines. 
3. Evaluate and critically assess global legislation of automotive emissions. 
4. Evaluate and critically assess the methods of emissions abatement for vehicles. 
5. Assess and critically evaluate the role of engine performance simulation packages within engine development.

Aerodynamics is a critical element of modern vehicle design. This module will enable you to understand the basic principles governing aerodynamics in relation to vehicles, including the use of wind tunnel testing techniques.

• Basic flow concepts and governing equations. 
• A review of the fundamental aerodynamic characteristics of streamlined and bluff bodies. 
• The application of aerodynamic design principles to vehicle body design.
• Mechanisms for controlling aerodynamic lift and drag generation.
• An introduction to aerodynamic issues related to cooling and ventilation flows. 
• An introduction to wheel aerodynamics.

On successful completion of this module you will be able to:

• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the essential facts, concepts and principles of incompressible flows including vortices and viscous effects and boundary layers.
• Demonstrate understanding of how aerodynamics affects the Automotive vehicle design and operation. 
• Demonstrate a critical awareness of the wind tunnel techniques used to analyse vehicle aerodynamic problems and apply these techniques and concepts to develop solution strategies for relevant wind tunnel simulations. 
• Demonstrate competence in analysing and evaluating the low speed aerodynamic characteristics of representative vehicles and components using acquired wind tunnel data, data sheets and fundamental principles.

The module aims to provide an introduction to the design and analysis of vehicle structures. Emphasis will be given to understanding and practical experience of the use of a range of materials in car structures including design, stress analysis and performance. 

The module offers combination of fundamental concepts lectures, engineering theories, lab exercises, finite element modelling, simulations and tutorials.

 

• Review and analysis of different types of vehicle structures.
• Load paths and interaction with other vehicle systems.
• Structural response and stiffness analyses.
• Design of safety and crash structures.
• Finite element modelling and simulations.

 

On successful completion of this module you should be able to:

1. Critically evaluate fundamental properties of metallic and non-metallic material for automotive structures.
2. Design metallic and non-metallic components and sub-systems.
3. Construct and validate finite element models.
4. Assess active and passive automotive safety and crashworthiness.

The module aims to provide an introduction to the selection and processing, of materials for vehicle structures. Emphasis will be given to practical experience of the use of a range of materials for automotive structures focussing on manufacturing and assembly technology. The module is delivered with a combination of lectures, lab activities, and tutorials.

 

• Physical properties and material models of high strength steels, stainless steels, metal matrix composites, aluminium and titanium alloys, rubbers, elastomers, plastics, honeycomb and polymer composites.
• Manufacturing technology in the automotive industry.
• Comparison of the most common joining techniques in the automotive industry.
• Introduction to damage tolerance and failure mechanisms under static and dynamic load.
• Case studies of different mechanical failures.

On successful completion of this module you should be able to:

1. Evaluate material selection and performance for the manufacturing of automotive structures.
2. Assess the design, manufacturing, assembly and testing of composite components and sub-systems.
3. Critically evaluate innovative materials and their application.
4. Develop an understanding of relevant failure analysis.